MATH BASIC AND MOST IMPORTANT TERMS
Descriptive form
Property of a set by a statement e.g, The set
of animals in the zoo
Tabular form
We list all element within brackets and
separate each element by using comma
e.g, A=(1,2,3,4…..9)
Note
Natural number start 1 but whole number start
0
Successor and Predecessor
e.g, 36
Commutative Law
In addition o f two whole number, result
remains unchanged by changing their order. For e.g, 6 add 4 or 4 add 6 is equal
10
Associative law
In addition of three whole number, any two
whole number can be added first for e.g,
(2+3)+4=2+(3+4)
5+4=2+7
9=9
Additive identity
e.g,
1.
1+0=1
2)5+0=5
Means 0 additive identity
Multiplicative identity
5
multiple 1 is equal 5 , 8 multiple 1 is equal
8 means
1
is multiplicative identity
Distributive law
a * (b+c)=
ab +ac
a *(b-c)=ab-ac
Factor
A number is divided by another number and
remainder is zero then first number is said to be divisible by 2nd number
5/1 remainder is zero
prime number
A number having exactly 2 factors 1 and number
itself call prime number e.g,2,3,5,7,11,13
Composite numbers
A
number having factors other than 1 and itself is called composite number we can
say that number having more than 2 factors e.g,(4,6,8,9…)
All number which are divisible by another
number are called multiples
HCF-Highest Common Factor
24=1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24
30=1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30
Common =1,2,3,6
6 is HCF
HCF by Prime Factorization method
Prime factor of 72=2*2*2*3*3
Prime factor of 24= 2*2*2*3
common=2*2*2*3=24 is HCF by prime
factorization method.
HCF by Long Division Method e.g, HCF of 9 and 12 by using LDM
large number divide small means 12/9 ,remainder 3 then 9/3 then
remainder zero means 3 is HCF by LDM
The
least common multiple of two or more number is the smallest numbers which is
multiple each of given number.
LCM by Prime Factorization Method
e.g,
find LCM of 24 and 9 by PFM
24=2*2*3*1=22 *3*1*
9=3*3*1=32 *1
LCM of 24 and 9 is 22* 32 *1 =24
LCM by Division Method
Arrange all the numbers in a row.choose a
common of at least two of numbers and divide the numbers by it. Repeat process
till no two numbers have common divisor. The product of the divisors and
remainders is LCM
Integers
-1,-2,- 3…. are called integer. Zero is also
integer but it is
neither +ve or –ve integer.
Positive integer
Natural number called positive integer e.g,
1,2,3,4,5……..
Negative integers
-1,-2,-3…… called negative integers
Ascending order
Arrange low number to high number e.g,
-5,-3,1,3
Descending order
Arrange high number to low number e.g,
3,1,-3,-5
Absolute or numberical valve of a integer is distance from zero to that number on
number line.
Note
Divison of an integer by 0 is not possible
because 0 time any number is zero
Antecedent and consequent
E.g, 1/2 = 1 : 2
1 is numerator called antecedent and 2 is
denominator called consequent
Proportion
2:3::4:2
Means =extremes
3*4=2*2
12=4
Percentage
25. of 50
25/100 * 50= 12.5
Profit
Profit = sale price – cost price
Profit percentage = profit / cost * 100
Loss
Loss=cost price –
sale price Loss
percentage = loss/cost price *100
Discount
Discount = marked price – sale price
Discount percentage = discount / marked price
* 100
Variable and costant
In algebra letter used which called variable
and number having definite fixed valve called costant
Index or exponential form
3*3*3*3=34
4*4=42
These power
4 and 2 called index.
Coefficient in algebra
Multiplying factor of a variable e.g,4X where
4 called coefficient
Note
Algebra is a general form of arithmetic
Surface covered by an object in plane called
area of object and measurement of boundary of surface called its perimeter.
Area of rectangle = length * breadth
Area of parallelogram = height * base
Area of triangle and trapezium= ½(base *
height)
Volume of cube(surface 6 vertices 8 and edges
12) = length * breadth * height
Length = breadth= height
Volume of cube = length3
Surface
area of cube= 6 length2
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